2024年高考英语语法考点早知道 (冠词)
第一讲——冠词
冠词分为定冠词the,不定冠词a\an和零冠词（也就是不用冠词的情况），高考考什么呢？根据对最近几年高考真题的搜集整理，主要考了以下一些考点：
1.a\an泛指某一个
例：Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.（2019全国高考英语-1短文改错）
（此处的football为单数可数名词，表示“泛指的某一只足球”掉到了我的面前，因此前面要加上不定冠词a才行。）
名词前面什么时候不用冠词呢？这是留给大家思考的一个问题，大家可以在评论区留言讨论，这是一个高考冷点，说不定明年就会冷不丁地考一下，您会吗？（视频1）
上一个视频，我们讲了不定冠词a/an的用法和考点，今天，我们来接着讲定冠词the的用法和考点。
2.the特指某一人、物和事，后面通常有限定词（组）
1.Of 69 the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, （2019全国高考英语-1语法填空）(用定冠词the,这里为了强调，把of提前了，其实，后面的three 和前面的nineteen应构成three of the nineteen.)北极熊的亚种
2.Due to __65the___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types __66of__ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. （2021年全国高考英语卷乙 语法填空）
由于环保和探险旅行的日益流行
3.Not the pandas, even though _59the_ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. （2023年全国高考英语乙卷 语法填空题 59题）
特指某一个，前文中提到，或说话人和听话人心里都有数的“那一个”：
Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into (the) pan together.（2020年全国高考英语卷1 短文改错）
To celebrate _62 the _ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.（2022年乙卷语法填空题）（视频2）
上次我们讲了定冠词的考点，今天我们接着讲。
3序数词、形容词的最高级前面，用定冠词：
I still remember how hard(the/my) first day was. （2017全国高考英语-1 短文改错）“我依稀记得考驾照的第一天有多难”
下面提一个问题让大家思考：
比较级前面也能用定冠词吗？如果能，什么情况用，请在评论区回答并举例。
4.固定搭配（短语）：
1.During my last winter holiday, I went to （the） countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.（2018全国高考英语-1 短文改错）
go to the countryside 去乡下
2.As 65 a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. （2017全国高考英语-1语法填空）as a result 结果
“结果，人们要吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。”
3.My uncle says that he never dreams(+of) becoming rich in the(a) short period of time.（2016全国高考英语-1 短文改错）
In a short period of time 在一段短的时间之内（固定短语）
冠词的高考考点就讲完了，现在来简单地回顾一下，高考中，冠词常考的考点：
1.不定冠词用在单数可数名词前面表示泛指（数量的“一”）。
2.定冠词用在特指的人、事、物以及序数词、形容词最高级等前面。
3.固定短语中冠词的使用。
（每讲完一个词类，我会把电子稿发到头条文章里，大家也可以到文章里去阅读、讨论。）(视频3)
历届欧洲足球锦标赛(欧洲杯)四强
欧洲足球锦标赛（英语：UEFA European Football Championship），简称欧锦赛、欧洲杯，是一项由欧洲足联成员国间参加的最高级别国家级足球赛事，于1960年举行第一届，其后每四年举行一届。赛事创办时名称为欧洲国家杯（European Nations Cup；简称欧国杯），其后于1968年改名为现在的欧洲足球锦标赛（European Football Championship）。
1960年（第1届）：
冠军：苏联
亚军：南斯拉夫
季军：捷克斯洛伐克
殿军：法国
1964年（第2届）：
冠军：西班牙
亚军：苏联
季军：匈牙利
殿军：丹麦
1968年（第3届）：
冠军：意大利
亚军：南斯拉夫
季军：英格兰
殿军：苏联
1972年（第4届）：
冠军：联邦德国
亚军：苏联
季军：比利时
殿军：匈牙利
1976年（第5届）：
冠军：捷克斯洛伐克
亚军：联邦德国
季军：荷兰
殿军：南斯拉夫
1980年（第6届）：
冠军：联邦德国
亚军：比利时
季军：捷克斯洛伐克
殿军：意大利
1984年（第7届）：
冠军：法国
亚军：西班牙
季军：丹麦、葡萄牙【并列】
1988年（第8届）：
冠军：荷兰
亚军：苏联
季军：意大利、联邦德国【并列】
1992年（第9届）：
冠军：丹麦
亚军：德国
季军：荷兰、瑞典【并列】
1996年（第10届）：
冠军：德国
亚军：捷克
季军：英格兰、法国【并列】
2000年（第11届）：
冠军：法国
亚军：意大利
季军：荷兰、葡萄牙【并列】
2004年（第12届）：
冠军：希腊
亚军：葡萄牙
季军：荷兰、捷克【并列】
2008年（第13届）：
冠军：西班牙
亚军：德国
季军：俄罗斯、土耳其【并列】
2012年（第14届）：
冠军：西班牙
亚军：意大利
季军：葡萄牙、德国【并列】
2016年（第15届）：
冠军：葡萄牙
亚军：法国
季军：德国、威尔士【并列】
（edit by 卡卡de罗）
二十四节气中英文对照
二十四节气
夏历是一种古老的阴阳合历，相传起源于夏朝，距今4000多年。二十四节气是中国夏历中的阳历部分，其依据地球在黄道（即地球绕太阳公转的轨道）上的位置来划分的。太阳从春分点（黄经零度，此刻太阳垂直照射赤道）出发，每前进15度为一个节气；运行一周又回到春分点，为一回归年，合360度，因此分为24个节气。公元前104年，由邓平等制定的《太初历》，正式把二十四节气订于历法，明确了二十四节气的天文位置。至今已经沿用了2000多年。 2006年5月20日，“二十四节气”作为民俗项目经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。2016年11月30日，中国“二十四节气”被正式列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
24 solar terms
The Xia calendar is an ancient combination calendar of yin and yang which was said that it originated in the Xia Dynasty and has a history of more than 4000 years. The 24 solar terms are the part of the Chinese lunar calendar, according to the position of the earth on the ecliptic (the earth's orbit around the sun). The sun sets out from the Beginning of Spring point (longitude zero, now the sun is perpendicular to the equator), and every 15 degrees forward is a solar term; it returns to the Beginning of Spring point for a week and it is a tropical year, 360-degree, so it is divided into 24 solar terms. In 104 B.C., the Taichu Calendar, formulated by Deng Ping, formally set the 24 solar terms in the calendar and defined the astronomical position of it. It has been used for more than 2000 years until now. On May 20,2006,”24 solar terms”,as folk custom items,was approved to enrol into the first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage by the State Council. On November 30, 2016, "24 solar terms"of China was officially listed in the UNESCO representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
二十四节气是一种基于阴阳信仰的历法表达，具有中国特色的天人合一的宗教性和人文价值性。太极生阴阳，阴阳生五行，阴阳、五行萌化，生男女、万物。阴气表示生化，阳气表示能动。阳气自冬至升起，夏至极盛；阴气自夏至升起，冬至极盛。二十四节气的阴阳变化，是中国人修身养性的时令指南。人应当遵从天人合一的思想，明明德，新民，亲民，止于至善。
24 solar terms is a kind of calendar expression based on the belief of yin and yang, which has the religious and humanistic value of the unity of heaven and human with Chinese characteristics. Taiji produces Yin and Yang, Yin and Yang produce five elements; Yin and Yang, the five elements, produce men, women and everything. Yin Qi denotes biochemistry, and Yang Qi indicates active. Yang Qi rises from the Winter Solstice, and being extremely prosperous in the Summer Solstice;Yin Qi rises from the Summer Solstice, and being extremely prosperous in the Winter Solstice.The changes of Yin and Yang in the 24 solar terms are the seasonal guideline for Chinese to cultivate themselves. People should obey the idea of harmony between heaven and human, make clear of virtue, people,and aiming at absolute perfection.
立春
立春在太阳黄经315度，太阳历新年点，是二十四个节气的第一个节气。其含义是进入新春，万物复苏，生机勃勃。古人以“春”为生机，立春是一个新的正确的开端，藉此祈求新机，谓之新正。立春在夏历新年前后，阳气渐旺，俗称“三阳开泰”。
The Beginning of Spring(Li Chun)
The Beginning of Spring is the first solar term of 24 solar terms, at 315 degrees of the Yellow longitude of the Sun. Its meaning is to enter into the new year, all things are revived, and vigorous. The ancients took "spring" as the vitality, and The Beginning of Spring is a new and correct beginning, so as to pray for new opportunities. The Beginning of Spring is around the New year of Xia calender, when Yang qi gradually raise,commonly known as "the spring comes in full form."
雨水
雨水在太阳黄经330度。此时春风遍吹，冰雪融化，空气湿润，雨水增多，故曰雨水。人们常说：“立春天渐暖，雨水送肥忙。”“一年之计在于春”，光阴易逝，催人奋进。
Rain Water(Yu Shui)
Rain Water is at 330 degrees of the Yellow longitude of the Sun.At this time, the spring breeze blows everywhere, the ice and snow melt, the air is moist, the rain increases, so it is called Rain Water.People often say, "the Beginning of Spring is getting warmer, Rain Water is busy to spread fertilizer." The whole year's work depends on a good start in spring”.Time is fleeting and inspiring.
惊蛰
惊蛰在太阳黄经345度。此节气表示“立春”以后天气转暖，春雷开始震响，蛰伏在泥土里的各种冬眠动物将苏醒过来开始活动起来，故曰惊蛰。
The Waking of Insects(Jing Zhe)
The Waking of Insects is at 345 degrees of the Yellow longitude of the Sun.This solar term means that after the Beginning of Spring, the weather turns warm, spring thunder begins to ring, and all kinds of hibernating animals that lie dormant in the soil will wake up and begin to move, so called The Waking of Insects.
春分
春分在太阳黄经0度。分，半也，等也。春分日太阳在赤道上方，昼夜相等。此后北半球昼长夜短。春分日后，燕子南来，下雨时雷电交加，越冬作物进入春季生长阶段。
The Spring Equinox(Chun Fen)
The Spring Equinox is at 0 degree of yellow longitude of the sun. Half, means equal. On the Spring Equinox,sun is above the equator, day and night equal. Since then, the Northern Hemisphere has a long day and a short night. After the Spring Equinox, swallows came from South, thunder and lightning increased when it rained, and winter crops get into the spring growth stage.
清明
清明在太阳黄经15度。清明，即“清净光明”之意。清明是表征物候的节气，含有天气晴朗、草木繁茂的意思。清明前后，民间有踏青、寒食、扫墓等习俗。常言道：“清明断雪，谷雨断霜。”
Pure Brightness(Qing Ming)
Pure Brightness is at 15 degrees of yellow longitude of the sun which means pure and bright. Pure Brightness is the season of phenology, with the meaning of clear weather and lush vegetation. Before and after the Pure Brightness, there are customs of trampling green, cold food and sweeping tombs among the people. As the saying goes,Pure Brightness break Snow, Grain Rain break Frost.
谷雨
谷雨在太阳黄经30度。俗话说：“雨生百谷。” 雨量充足而及时，谷类作物能够茁壮生长。谚云：“谷雨前后，种瓜种豆。”
Grain Rain(Gu Yu)
Grain Rain is at 30 degrees yellow longitude of the sun. As the saying goes, "Rain produces grain." When rain is sufficient and timely, grain crops can thrive. There is also a saying,it is a high time to seed melon and bean before and after Grain Rain,
立夏
立夏在太阳黄经45度。立夏是夏季的开始，从此进入夏天，万物生长旺盛。习惯上把立夏当作是气温显著升高，炎暑将临，雷雨增多，农作物进入旺季生长的一个最重要节气。
The Beginning of Summer(Li Xia)
The Beginning of Summer is at 45 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. It is the beginning of summer. From then on, everything grows vigorously. It is customary to regard the Beginning of Summer as one of the most important solar terms for crop growth in the peak season, the temperature rising significantly, the heat season approaching, the thunderstorms increasing.
小满
小满在太阳黄经60度。麦类等夏熟作物灌浆乳熟，籽粒开始饱满，但尚未成熟，故曰小满。
Lesser Fullness of Grain(Xiao Man)
Lesser Fullness of Grain is at 60 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. Wheat and other summer crops are milk-ripe, and the grain begins to be full, but not yet ripe, so called Grain full.
芒种
芒种在太阳黄经75度。“芒”指有芒作物如小麦、大麦等，“种”指种子。芒种是表征麦类等有芒作物的成熟，是一个反映农业物候现象的节气。
Grain in Beard(Mang Zhong)
Grain in Beard is at 75 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. "Mang" means a crop with awns, such as wheat and barley, "Zhong" means a seed. Grain in Beard is a solar term reflecting the phenomena of agriculture, which is characterized by the maturity of awn crops such as wheat.
夏至
夏至在太阳黄经为90度。此日，阳光直射北回归线上空，北半球正午太阳最高，北半球白昼最长、黑夜最短。从这一天起，进入炎热季节，天地万物在此时生长最旺盛。
The Summer Solstice(Xia Zhi)
The Summer Solstice is at 90 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun.This day,direct sunlight is above the Tropic of Cancer.The sun is highest at noon in the Northern Hemisphere,the longest day and the shortest night in the Northern Hemisphere. From this day on,hot season coming,all things grow most vigorously.
小暑
小暑在太阳黄经105度。暑是炎热之意。天气已经很热了，但还不到最热之时，故曰小暑。
Lesser Heat(Xiao Shu)
Lesser heat is at 105 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. Summer means the intense heat. The weather is already very hot, but not yet the hottest time, so it is called Lesser heat .
大暑
大暑在太阳黄经120度。大暑是一年中最热的节气，雨水特多，注意防汛防涝。
Greater heat(Da Shu)
Greater heat is at 120 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun.It’s the hottest solar term in a year and rains a lot.So people should pay attention to flood control and waterlogging prevention.
立秋
立秋在太阳黄经135度。秋天开始，秋高气爽，月明风清。此后，气温由最热逐渐下降。
The Beginning of Autumn(Li Qiu)
The Beginning of Autumn is at 135 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. Autumn coming,the sky is clear,the air is crisp,the moon is bright and breeze is cool.Since then,the temperature has gradually dropped.
处暑
处暑在太阳黄经150度。“处”含有躲藏、终止意思。“处暑”表示炎热暑天结束了。它是反映气温变化的一个节气，为温度下降的一个转折点。
The End of Heat(Chu Shu)
The End of Heat is at 150 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun."Chu" means to hide and stop. "The End of Heat" means the end of hot summer day. It is a solar term reflecting changes in temperature and a turning point for temperature drops.
白露
白露在太阳黄经165度。天气转凉，温度降低，水汽在地面或近地物体上凝结而成的水珠，故曰白露。
White Dew(Bai Lu)
White Dew is at 165 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. The weather becomes cool, the temperature decreases, and the water vapor condenses on the ground or near-Earth objects. So it is called White Dew.
秋分
秋分在太阳黄经180度。分，半夜，等也。秋分同春分一样，阳光几乎直射赤道，昼夜相等。
The Autumn Equinox(Qiu Fen)
The Autumn Equinox is at 180 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun.It is the same as the Spring Equinox,the sun shines almost directly on the equator and day and night are equal.
寒露
寒露在太阳黄经195度。气温比白露时更低，露水日多、更冷，快要凝结成霜了。
Cold Dew(Han Lu)
Cold Dew is at 195 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. The temperature is lower than that of the White Dew. The dew is more dewy and colder. It is about to condense into frost.
霜降
霜降在太阳黄经210度。天气渐冷，霜冻出现，故曰霜降。
Frost’s Descent(Shuang Jiang)
Frost’s Descent is at 210 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. The weather is getting colder and the frost appears, so called the frost falls.
立冬
立冬在太阳黄经为225度。古人云，“立，建始也”，表示冬季自此开始。冬，作为终了之意，是指一年的田间操作结束了，作物收割之后要收藏起来的意思。
The Beginning of Winter(Li Dong)
The Beginning of Winter is at 225 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. The ancient said that ‘Li’ means beginning,the Beginning of Winter.’Dong’ means end, the end of the field operations.It is time to crop harvest.
小雪
小雪在太阳黄经为240度。气温遽降，降水形式由雨变为雪，但雪量小，还不到大雪纷飞之时节，故曰小雪。
Lesser snow(Xiao Xue)
Lesser snow is at 240 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun.Temperature drops sharply and precipitation form changes from rain to snow, but the amount of snow is small. It is not yet in the season of heavy snow. So called Lesser snow.
大雪
大雪在太阳黄经255度。大雪，雪量大。古人云：“大者，盛也，至此而雪盛也”。大雪的意思是天气更冷，降雪的可能性比小雪时更大了，并不指降雪量一定很大。
Greater Snow(Da Xue)
Greater Snow is at 255 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. Greater Snow with heavy snow. The ancients said that "Big means rich, now snow is rich." Greater Snow means that the weather is colder, snowfall is more likely than when Lesser Snow.But it does not mean that the amount of snow must be very large.
冬至
冬至在太阳黄经270度，白昼渐长，黑夜渐短，故又称“天长节”。古代曾以冬至为“新年”。冬至节，有贺冬、祭天、祭祖、迎神、辟邪、食馄饨等风俗。
The Winter Solstice(Dong Zhi)
The Winter Solstice is at 270 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun,called "Tianchang Festival". Because the days are getting longer and the nights are getting shorter. In ancient times, the Winter Solstice was used as "New year". The Winter Solstice Festival, there are customs of congratulation of winter,heaven worship, ancestor worship, greeting God, avoiding evil and eating wonton.
小寒
小寒在太阳黄经285度。小寒的到来，意味着一年最冷之始。
Lesser Cold(Xiao Han)
Lesser Cold is at 285 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun.The arrival of Lesser Cold means the beginning of the coldest day in a year.
大寒
大寒在太阳黄经300度。大寒是天气寒冷到了极点之意，为一年中最冷之时节。
Greater cold(Da Han)
Greater cold is 300 degrees in the Yellow longitude of the sun. It is the coldest season of the year.
